发布时间: 2024-04-22 05:31:00
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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K767: Europe's Groundbreaking AI Regulations: A Comprehensive Overview
Highlights 主題摘要：
In a monumental move, European Union lawmakers have greenlit the world's foremost set of comprehensive regulations governing artificial intelligence (AI), paving the way for the implementation of the Artificial Intelligence Act later this year. This landmark legislation not only signifies a significant step forward in Europe's technological governance but also sets a precedent for global AI regulation.
在一項重大舉措中，歐盟立法者已經為全球首套全面監管人工智慧（AI）的法規開了綠燈，為今年晚些時候《人工智慧法案》（Artificial Intelligence Act）的實施鋪平了道路。這項具有里程碑意義的立法不僅標誌著歐洲科技治理向前邁出了重要一步，也為全球 AI 監管樹立了先例。
The foundation of the AI Act lies in its risk-based approach to regulating AI applications. While low-risk AI systems, such as content recommendation algorithms, are subject to voluntary guidelines and codes of conduct, high-risk uses—like medical devices and critical infrastructure—are met with stricter requirements. Moreover, the legislation outright prohibits certain AI applications, such as social scoring systems and specific forms of predictive policing, due to their deemed unacceptable risks.
AI 法案的基礎在於其對 AI 應用採取基於風險的監管方式。雖然低風險的 AI 系統，如內容推薦算法，需遵守自願性指南和行為準則，但高風險用途——如醫療設備和關鍵基礎設施——則面臨更嚴格的要求。此外，該立法完全禁止某些 AI 應用，例如社會評分系統和特定形式的預測性警務，因為它們被認為存在不可接受的風險。
One of the key highlights of the AI Act is its inclusion of provisions addressing generative AI models, which have emerged as a prominent force in recent years. These models, capable of producing lifelike responses and content, are now subject to stringent regulations. Developers are mandated to disclose the data used for training these models and adhere to copyright laws. Additionally, any AI-generated content must be prominently labeled as artificially manipulated, mitigating the potential for misuse.
AI 法案的一個重點是納入了解決生成式 AI 模型的條款，這些模型近年來已成為一股重要力量。這些能夠產生逼真回應和內容的模型現在受到嚴格監管。開發人員必須披露用於訓練這些模型的數據並遵守版權法。此外，任何 AI 生成的內容都必須明確標記為人工操縱，以減少濫用的可能性。
Of particular concern within the legislation are the most powerful AI systems, dubbed "systemic risks." These systems, such as OpenAI's GPT-4 and Google's Gemini, are under heightened scrutiny due to their potential for catastrophic accidents or cyberattacks. Developers of such systems are tasked with assessing and mitigating risks, reporting incidents, implementing cybersecurity measures, and disclosing energy usage. These measures aim to address apprehensions surrounding the proliferation of harmful biases and the misuse of AI technology.
立法中特別關注的是最強大的 AI 系統，被稱為「系統性風險」。這些系統，如 OpenAI 的 GPT-4 和 Google 的 Gemini，由於其可能導致災難性事故或網絡攻擊而受到更嚴格的審查。此類系統的開發人員需要評估和減輕風險、報告事故、實施網絡安全措施並披露能源使用情況。這些措施旨在解決人們對有害偏見擴散和 AI 技術濫用的擔憂。
Europe's role as a trailblazer in AI regulation is further solidified with the impending implementation of the AI Act. Following the final formalities, the Act is poised to become law, signaling Europe's commitment to fostering responsible innovation while mitigating potential risks. Violations of the AI Act carry significant penalties, with fines reaching up to 35 million euros or 7 percent of a company's global revenue, underscoring the imperative of compliance with these pioneering regulations.
隨著 AI 法案即將實施，歐洲作為 AI 監管的先驅者角色進一步得到鞏固。在完成最後的手續後，該法案有望成為法律，表明歐洲致力於在促進負責任創新的同時減輕潛在風險。違反 AI 法案將面臨重大處罰，罰款高達 3500 萬歐元或公司全球收入的 7％，強調了遵守這些開創性法規的必要性。
In conclusion, Europe's adoption of the AI Act heralds a new era of AI governance, setting a precedent for other jurisdictions worldwide. With its risk-based approach, emphasis on transparency, and stringent oversight of powerful AI systems, the AI Act represents a significant milestone in the quest to harness the benefits of AI while safeguarding against its potential pitfalls.
總之，歐洲通過 AI 法案開啟了 AI 治理的新時代，為全球其他司法管轄區樹立了先例。憑藉其基於風險的監管方法、對透明度的重視以及對強大 AI 系統的嚴格監督，AI 法案代表了在利用 AI 的好處的同時防範其潛在陷阱道路上的重要里程碑。
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Reference article:
1. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2024/03/19/2003815116
2. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/13/tech/ai-european-union/index.html